O mundo deveria reduzir a emissão de gases do efeito estufa em 50% até 2050, diz o documento do grupo de trabalho da ONU
Um grupo de trabalho da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre as Alterações Climáticas (UNFCCC) surgiu com um texto de seis páginas nesta sexta-feira.
O esboço pode constituir o núcleo de um novo acordo global de combate às mudanças climáticas após 2012, quando o atual acordo, o Protocolo de Quioto expira. No entanto, a maioria das cifras no texto são mostrados entre parênteses – o que significa que ainda não há acordo sobre esse ponto. Mais importante, o esboço afirma que as emissões devem ser reduzidos pela metade em todo o mundo até 2050, relativamente aos níveis de 1990, mas sugere também 80% e 95%, de redução em relação aquele ano como possíveis alternativas.
O esboço foi produzido por Michael Zammit Cutajar, Presidente do Grupo Ad Hoc sobre Long-Term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA).
Mesmo que o objetivo principal do acordo esteja entre parênteses. Ao longo de 2009, uma série de conferências científicas e políticas apelaram para que o aquecimento global seja mantido abaixo de dois graus Celsius. Ainda assim, o novo esboço de 1,5 graus Celsius menciona como um objetivo possível alternativa.
Além da meta final de reduzir as emissões em 50 por cento (ou 80 por cento, ou 95 por cento, respectivamente), em 2050, o documento também aponta uma meta intermédia em 2020 a ser definida. Para as emissões geradas pelos países desenvolvidos, uma meta de 75 por cento na redução (ou mais – que vai até 95 por cento) é sugerido. Quanto aos países em desenvolvimento, o texto chama de “desvios substanciais” de taxas de crescimento presentes nas emissões.
Comentários dos grupos climáticas variam: “Há muitos furos. Ainda assim ele (o esboço) mostra claramente que é possível chegar a um acordo. Os furos devem ser preenchidos através de vontade política e de compromissos políticos. Ainda não se sabe quanto dinheiro será pago e por quem “, disse Kim Carstensen, diretor da campanha global da organização conservacionista WWF climáticas, segundo o diário dinamarquês Berlingske.
Mais crítico é Erwin Jackson do Clima Australian Institute: “Seria um enorme retrocesso se isto for aprovado. Não existe um instrumento juridicamente vinculativo que cobrariam os EUA ou os grandes países em desenvolvimento, como China e Índia “, Erwin Jackson fala ao The Sydney Morning Herald.



5 Comentários
Each citizen of all coutries has the same rights! undeveloped countries has the same rights than developed. We are all brothers!
So..it´s simply: Rich coutries must stop pollution untill undeveloped arise at the same level. And rich countries must share the benefits of presente pollution.
The ecological equation must be like:
ecological services
———————– = index of righs
polution
The pollution must be controlled where it occours!!! nothing differente!
Dear Sirs:
Please, disseminate it to matter below!
The following is the most pure and crystalline truth. It is the survival of human beings. Please read, disseminate and if possible, take action. Enough to discuss environmental problems, we have simple solutions, feasible, practical and realistic.
I Would love to have the opportunity to give lectures on the subject at hand and thus prove that my thesis is supported by technical arguments well-founded!
Authoring
THE ONLY OUT FOR GREENHOUSE EFFECT.
The abyssal ocean trenches, the empty pockets from the retirement of oil, the faults, the desert areas are natural deposits and ideal for the storage of carbon that is in the atmosphere and causing global warming.
For centuries, the oceans are believed dumps and inexhaustible natural world, belief that, to some extent reasonable, because through the rain, salts, nutrients of the soil, carbon compounds and many other residues accumulate on the sea and oceans, making them increasingly saturated and its waters increasingly saline.
But the reality is quite different, the seas and oceans are just as vulnerable to pollution than the crust. Its waters precision of light, transparency and be detoxified to generate the marine flora and fauna as necessary to life on earth, the seas and oceans.
The water, even salt, have the ability to dissolve and incorporate in their masses gases like oxygen, carbon and others. This ability increases with pressure and low temperatures. The higher pressure and lower the temperature, the higher the concentrations of those gases dissolved. In regions of the deep seas and oceans, possibly due to these phenomena, the quantities of carbon stored; reached immeasurable quantities as to arouse the interest of oil companies operating in these; new sources of carbon. It is interesting to note the fact that deposits in the case of carbon dioxide, are not more of this type of gas, but methane crystallized what the experts have a very evocative name, calling him a carbohydrate. The ice that burns.
This would be the first description of the combination; crystallized between methane molecules and water molecules, found in deep oceans. Methane hydrates are already considered by researchers, the main source of energy for the century. However, the exploitation of this energy source can cause the biggest environmental disaster of all time due to the release of methane gas by rapid dehydration of the same. The so-called oceanic abyssal regions hold fifty-five per cent of all carbon in the planet Earth. It comes to us the idea:
a) If the abyssal ocean regions are the natural deposits of carbon, we can take advantage of these huge spaces and still available for carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gases, indirectly.
b) We use to this end, solar energy, photosynthesis and water to cultivate giant forests, abundant biomass that would be baled into containers of concrete, plastic or other corrosion-resistant material and with the help of large vessels, would be transported to those sites and submerged due to gravity. The containers or wrappers of biomass must have holes for water intake and balance of internal and external pressures to prevent possible crushing of the containers and to facilitate the sinking of the same.
c) The great advantage of using biomass to capture the carbon dioxide is the fact that only the carbon is captured, leaving free oxygen.
d) For each 12 (twelve) tons of carbon captured, via biomass, will be released 32 (thirty two) tons of oxygen into the atmosphere, and, most important, 44 (forty four) tons of CO2, carbon dioxide, the main gas causing the greenhouse effect, cease to exist in the atmosphere we breathe.
e) Will be, in a sense, true geological repositories, these are geological cavities that are going to suffer earthquakes or accommodation of layers, they would bury these containers, making them more confident about the environment.
f) In large abyssal depths there is no development of life, similar to the surface, capable of aerobic and anaerobic reactions, carrying, with no degradation of biomass, there is no generation of gas and the atmosphere is free of gas mass that would inevitably generated if that quantity of biomass remained on the surface, to enter into natural decay or be incinerated.
g) If each harvesting biomass is planted another, gradually, the carbon dioxide would be captured and indirectly deposited in these repositories in the form of carbon with a consequent gradual cleaning of the atmosphere.
h) If the direct capture of carbon dioxide is not feasible due to its condition of gas able to occupy large volumes, develop high pressures, and other obvious risks that are not listed, we will trap carbon element the creator of that gas, which when the atmosphere became an implacable enemy; the main generator of greenhouse that sooner or later will eliminate the animal life on earth if not contained.
i) Fossil fuels would continue to be exploited because there is a recycling, proper disposal of a waste gas generated in the exploitation of renewable energy, by indirect and was returned to its place of origin in the depths of the earth crust.
j) Using the same reasoning, the same logic, the biomass could be stored, taking advantage of the available space left by oil exploration. The withdrawal of oil leaves large voids that are filled with water. Why not fill those spaces with biomass?
k) The mining creates huge craters that are often simply abandoned without passing through any process of remediation. Why not take advantage of them?
l) The geological faults, huge spaces, often continental, could be used as deposits of biomass. Why not do it?
m) Similarly, could be stored large quantities of biomass in desert regions under their sands, devoid of local water. Where there is water there is life, life where there is no decomposition of organic matter, and no decomposition of organic matter there is no formation of greenhouse gases.
Mother Nature, via carbon, provided so much wealth to the man during the last century! Why not give him back during this century, part of that wealth, giving back some of this carbon to their place of origin, which should never have been withdrawn, the depths of the earths crust, thus replenishing the Carboniferous Period?
So would close a circle, origin, use and proper disposal of the effluent produced by the industrialization of oil.
Giving a destination to waste or effluent, or more accurately the carbon feedstock gas carbon dioxide, the environment would appreciate, the world still breathing, he turned to the environmental balance and petrodollars could continue moving the world economy without posing a imminent risk to life.
Every business in the industrial area is required by law and intended to treat their effluent. Why the oil industry would be exempted from this obligation?
Antonio Germano Gomes Pinto
Chemical Engineer, Chemical Industry, Bachelor of Chemical Technology with Assignments, BA in Chemistry, Specialist in Natural Resources with emphasis on Geology, Geochemistry, Specialist in Environmental Technology and Management, Environmental Expert, Environmental Auditor and the author of two patents in the INPI, in Merco Sul, in the EU, the World Intellectual Property Organization and in many countries.
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I’m out of laeuge here. Too much brain power on display!
Hey, good to find someone who aegers with me. GMTA.
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